Idealized models are a useful tool for proving the security of cryptographic schemes. For example, the random oracle model (ROM) gives an idealization of crytographic hash functions, whereas the GGM and AGM give

A few months ago, I wrote a short (informal) note that reviews the general forking lemma and several variations thereof, and discusses the differences among each variant. I have recently updated this note

First introduced by Pointcheval and Stern, the forking lemma is commonly used in proofs of security to demonstrate a reduction to breaking some known-to-be-hard mathematical problem. While the original forking lemma is straightforward,